jueves, 10 de diciembre de 2009

LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, REFERENCIA Y HORIZONTE PERMANENTES.

Hoy 10 de diciembre, Día de los Derechos Humanos, concluyen las importantes efemérides de la semana, en la que se agrupan los aniversarios de la Constitución Española y de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, verdaderos manifiestos éticos que acompañaron respectivamente la recuperación de la libertad y de la democracia en España y el restablecimiento de la paz y de los valores de la humanidad en el mundo, tras el final de la II Guerra Mundial y la creación de las Naciones Unidas. A ellos se añade el Día Internacional contra la Corrupción, establecido hace unos años por Naciones Unidas y celebrado ayer.

Para esta Asociación, las tres fechas guardan entre sí una estrecha relación y celebran un mismo compromiso: los valores del civismo, de la democracia, de la libertad, de la dignidad humana, en los que se condensan los mayores logros de nuestra civilización.

La amenaza que la corrupción supone para la vigencia de los derechos humanos quedó maravillosamente plasmada en el inicio de la ya mítica Declaración de Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano, de 1789, del siguiente modo: "Los representantes del pueblo francés, constituidos en Asamblea nacional, considerando que la ignorancia, el olvido o el menosprecio de los derechos del hombre son las únicas causas de las calamidades públicas y de la corrupción de los gobiernos, han resuelto exponer, en una declaración solemne, los derechos naturales, inalienables y sagrados del hombre".

Esta Asociación, en sus Estatutos, reivindica como criterio inspirador de toda su actividad el compromiso con los principios constitucionales y su finalidad básica es la defensa de los valores de la función pública, para contribuir al mejor funcionamiento del Estado social y democrático de Derecho y del Estado autonómico.

Derechos humanos, derechos fundamentales y ética pública son, a nuestro juicio, una misma cosa, pues la ética por la que se rige la vida social no puede ser otra que la fundada en el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, siendo éstos los derechos humanos reconocidos por la Constitución e incorporados, por ello, como elemento central y superior del ordenamiento jurídico del Estado. Sólo si los poderes públicos hacen de la realización de los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos su tarea prioritaria será posible la existencia de una sociedad decente, en la que todos puedan considerarse ciudadanos libres y respetados.

La Administración y los servidores públicos que le dan vida cada día han de contribuir al aseguramiento del Estado de Derecho, entendiendo por éste la forma institucional que adopta la organización política de una sociedad para preservar los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos y asegurar la libertad y la seguridad de todos. Esa labor de los servidores públicos sólo puede estar presidida por los principios de una ética coherente con el ordenamiento constitucional, capaz de garantizar la confianza de todos los ciudadanos en sus instituciones y el respeto general a las leyes, en cuanto expresión de la voluntad general y fórmula de autogobierno.

Por eso, los derechos humanos y los derechos fundamentales han de ser referencia y horizonte permanentes, pues su ignorancia, olvido o menosprecio -como ya se nos advirtió en 1789- es la única causa de la corrupción de los gobiernos. Quien lucha por los derechos humanos está combatiendo el riesgo de la corrupción pública, y quien se enfrenta a la corrupción contribuye al afianzamiento de los derechos.

Como ha dicho en ocasiones esta Asociación, combatir la corrupción pública es defender la función pública y defender la función pública es asegurar el ordenamiento constitucional, la vigencia de los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos. Nos sentimos por ello solidarios con todos los que hacen de la lucha por los derechos humanos su causa y a ellos dirigimos hoy nuestro pensamiento.

19 comentarios:

Anónimo dijo...

No puedo contener cierta emoción con la frase final.

Anónimo dijo...

Human Rights Day is celebrated annually across the world on 10 December.

Anónimo dijo...

The date was chosen to honor the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights. The formal establishment of Human Rights Day occurred at the 317th Plentary Meeting of the General Assembly on 4 December 1950, when the General Assembly declared resolution 423(V), inviting all member states and any other interested organizations to celebrate the day as they saw fit.

Anónimo dijo...

The day is a high point in the calendar of UN headquarters in New York City, United States, and is normally marked by both high-level political conferences and meetings and by cultural events and exhibitions dealing with human rights issues. In addition, it is traditionally on 10 December that the five-yearly United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights and Nobel Peace Prize are awarded. Many governmental and nongovernmental organizations active in the human rights field also schedule special events to commemorate the day, as do many civil and social-cause organisations.

Anónimo dijo...

December 10, 2009, marked the 61st anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Tom Malinowsky from Human Rights Watch in Washington commented that there had been progress in human rights over the last 40 years" "I think there is greater awareness around the world that people have fundamental rights and that those rights are enshrined in both law domestically and internationally"

Anónimo dijo...

Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Its headquarters are in New York City and it has offices in Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, and Washington D.C.

Anónimo dijo...

Kenneth Roth is an American attorney and has been the executive director of Human Rights Watch since 1993.

Anónimo dijo...

UN Calls for End to Discrimination on Human Rights Day.

Among the principle victims, the United Nations cites women and girls who are discriminated against, in varying degrees, in all societies.

Anónimo dijo...

United Nations says intolerance, prejudice and discrimination lie at the heart of human rights violations. To mark this year's Human Rights Day, the United Nations is calling on governments and people around the world to live up to the international laws and standards that exist to protect the human rights.

U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay admits sometimes she, too, has been guilty of discriminating against others.

"And, really in my own life, in my adult life, I must confess that - and my young children pointed it out to me - they said 'Mommy you are being racist,'" Pillay said.

Pillay says, growing up in South Africa, during the era of apartheid, conditioned blacks and other minority groups to view all white people as oppressors.

"I myself, growing as a child and as a young adult really suffered the inferiority complex. You really think that, because of your color, you are ugly and no good," Pillay said. "And, you have no sense of self-confidence."

Anónimo dijo...

Human Rights Day 2009 on 10 December will focus on non-discrimination. “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. These first few famous words of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights established 60 years ago the basic premise of international human rights law. Yet today, the fight against discrimination remains a daily struggle for millions around the globe.

“Our main objective is to help promote discrimination-free societies and a world of equal treatment for all,” says the High Commissioner who this year will mark Human Rights Day in South Africa.

She encourages people everywhere - including the UN family, governments, civil society, national human rights institutions, the media, educators, and individuals - to seize the opportunity of Human Rights Day 2009 to join hands to embrace diversity and end discrimination.

The realisation of all human rights - social, economic and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights – is hampered by discrimination. All too often, when faced with prejudice and discrimination, political leaders, governments and ordinary citizens are silent or complacent.

Anónimo dijo...

"Discrimination targets individuals and groups that are vulnerable to attack: the disabled, women and girls, the poor, migrants, minorities, and all those who are perceived as different.

... But these victims of discrimination are not alone. The United Nations is standing with them, committed to defending the rights of all, and particularly the most vulnerable. That is our identity and our mission."

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

Anónimo dijo...

Secretary-General's Message for Human Rights Day 2009

No country is free of discrimination. We see it everywhere, in many forms: old and new, covert and blatant, public and private. It may appear as institutionalized racism, as ethnic strife, as episodes of intolerance and rejection, or as an official national version of history that denies the identity of others.

Discrimination targets individuals and groups that are vulnerable to attack: the disabled, women and girls, the poor, migrants, minorities, and all those who are perceived as different.

These vulnerable people are frequently excluded from participating in the economic, political, cultural and social lives of their communities. The bigotry that stigmatizes and excludes them can be exploited by extremists. In some countries, we are witnessing the rise of a new politics of xenophobia.

But these victims of discrimination are not alone. The United Nations is standing with them, committed to defending the rights of all, and particularly the most vulnerable. That is our identity and our mission.

The international human rights community continues to counter bias and hatred. Public awareness has led to global treaties offering legal protection from discrimination and unequal treatment.

But abstract commitments are not enough. We must continue to confront inequality and intolerance wherever they are found.

On Human Rights Day, I invite people everywhere, at all levels, to join the United Nations and human rights defenders around the world in the fight against discrimination.

Ban Ki-moon

Anónimo dijo...

Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The formal inception of Human Rights Day dates from 1950, after the Assembly passed resolution 423 (V) inviting all States and interested organizations to adopt 10 December of each year as Human Rights Day.

Anónimo dijo...

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) works to offer the best expertise and support to the different human rights monitoring mechanisms in the United Nations system : UN Charter-based bodies, including the Human Rights Council, and bodies created under the international human rights treaties and made up of independent experts mandated to monitor State parties' compliance with their treaty obligations. Most of these bodies receive secretariat support from the Human Rights Council and Treaties Division of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

Anónimo dijo...

The international human rights movement was strengthened when the United Nations General Assembly adopted of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10 December 1948. Drafted as ‘a common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations', the Declaration for the first time in human history spell out basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that all human beings should enjoy. It has over time been widely accepted as the fundamental norms of human rights that everyone should respect and protect. The UDHR, together with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two Optional Protocols, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, form the so - called International Bill of Human Rights.

A series of international human rights treaties and other instruments adopted since 1945 have conferred legal form on inherent human rights and developed the body of international human rights. Other instruments have been adopted at the regional level reflecting the particular human rights concerns of the region and providing for specific mechanisms of protection. Most States have also adopted constitutions and other laws which formally protect basic human rights. While international treaties and customary law form the backbone of international human rights law other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the international level contribute to its understanding, implementation and development. Respect for human rights requires the establishment of the rule of law at the national and international levels.

International human rights law lays down obligations which States are bound to respect. By becoming parties to international treaties, States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights.

Through ratification of international human rights treaties, Governments undertake to put into place domestic measures and legislation compatible with their treaty obligations and duties. Where domestic legal proceedings fail to address human rights abuses, mechanisms and procedures for individual complaints or communications are available at the regional and international levels to help ensure that international human rights standards are indeed respected, implemented, and enforced at the local level.

Anónimo dijo...

Jour des Droits de l'Homme

Anónimo dijo...

Jamais “lecture” n’a aussi bien porté son nom. Lecture comme on dirait cours de fac ou leçon inaugurale.
Le discours de Barack Obama à Oslo a ressemblé à un cours de droit international. Sans citer explicitement Bush ou l’Irak, il a insisté sur un retour aux fondements juridiques: dans quel cas a-t-on le droit de faire la guerre (auto-défense, guerre “juste”).
Et si guerre doit être menée, alors il faut la faire dans les règles du droit (Il a cité Henry Dunant, premier Nobel, et artisan des conventions de Genève)

Au coeur de l’Europe attachée au désarmement, il a défendu la guerre tout en recevant le Prix Nobel de la Paix.
- “I understand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it”.

Lui qui a été plutôt discret sur les droits de l’homme jusqu’à présent en a fait une des conditions pour une paix durable.
-“For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. Only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting”.

Plus novatrice, la partie sur la doctrine. Obama rejette la fracture entre réalistes et idéalistes.
- “Within America, there has long been a tension between those who describe themselves as realists or idealists — a tension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.
I reject these choices. I believe that peace is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or worship as they please; choose their own leaders or assemble without fear”.

Ni blanc ni noir; ni républicain ni totalement démocrate, ni réaliste, ni idéaliste: Obama défend ses petits pas: c’est la rencontre Nixon-Mao -malgré la révolution culturelle- qui a permis l’essor de la Chine d’aujourd’hui, dit-il. C’est Jean-Paul II a ouvert la voie à Lech Walesa ..

- There’s no simple formula here. But we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.

LE MONDE.

Anónimo dijo...

Bello comentario.

Anónimo dijo...

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